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Garmisch-Partenkirchen
In order to show off the growth and strength of
his new Reich, Hitler pulled out all the stops for the 1936 Olympic Games to be held in
Germany (the location had already been decided before Hitler's seizure of power in 1933).
The summer Olympics were held in Berlin, but first, in February, the IV. Winter Games were
held in the Bavarian alpine venue of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. An Olympic ice stadium was
built in Garmisch, and a ski stadium was built in its sister village of Partenkirchen (the
two municipalities are on either side of the Partnach River), in the shadow of Germany's
highest mountain, the Zugspitze. Both stadiums are still in use today.
(MapQuest
Map Link)

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The Kunsteisstadion (on the
left) was the venue for the ice skating, hockey, and speed skating events.
The Festhalle or Festsaalbau (on the right) was built to
support the Olympic festivities. The Ice Stadium field was covered over in
1962, and the Fest Hall was torn down several years ago. (Bundesarchiv) |

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The Olympic Ski Stadium was built
for up to 100,000 spectators. In the center, directly in front of the ski
jumps, was the Olympiahaus, with a restaurant and VIP viewing area.
The stadium exists today much as it was in 1936. |

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Hitler viewed the 1936 Olympic ski
jump events from his special covered area on the balcony of the Olympiahaus.
Seen at far left above are Dr. Wilhelm Frick and Dr. Robert Ley. These
scenes were all from the opening ceremony on 6 February 1936. (above
- "Olympia"
cigarette-card album, 1936; below - Bundesarchiv)
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Left -
the 1936 Winter Games are declared open by Dr. Karl Ritter von Halt,
president of the Winter Olympics Committee. Right - Hitler and entourage
view the Olympic events. Seated with Hitler on the front row are Press
Chief Otto Dietrich, Gauleiter Adolf Wagner, and adjutant Wilhelm
Brückner (facing away). Note also Eva Braun in the row behind, sitting
next to Sofie Stork. ("Olympia"
cigarette-card album, 1936) |

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Above -
Hitler's
viewpoint toward the ski jumps, and a view from a period postcard - note
the swastika design in the grass of the longer jump. Below - my father took an almost identical view
in the winter of 1945-46, and the view has changed very little
today. 2007 note - The existing ski jump, some of which was rebuilt
in the 1950s, was torn down in April 2007 to allow a new jump to be
built that would comply with current European standards. So this view is
somewhat different now. (above - "Olympia"
cigarette-card album, 1936; below - collection of G.R. and G.A. Walden) |
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View of the ski stadium entrance
and grandstands, taken in winter 1945-46 by my father, Army Air Forces Lt. Delbert R. Walden.
The view today has hardly changed
at all. Only the U.S. Third Army signs above the entrance reliefs are missing.
(collection of G.R. and G.A. Walden) (MapQuest
Map Link) |

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The Olympiahaus
in the center was flanked by the two main entrances for the spectators,
featuring large sculptures of a woman holding a falcon or eagle, a flag
bearer, torch bearer, and a woman holding a victors wreath. |

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On the
outside of the entrances was the 5-ring Olympics symbol. Flagpoles ringed
the stadium grandstands. |

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The
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Rathaus (city hall) was built in 1935 by
Oswald Bieber, with sculptures and painted decorations by noted artist
Josef Wackerle. |

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On the
left is a postcard view showing the Garmisch post office decorated with a
Nazi sign over the street. |

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The U.S. Army moved into Garmisch
at the end of April 1945. This view shows M4A3E8 Sherman tanks, probably of the 10th
Armored Division, moving through the streets of Garmisch following the town's
surrender. (U.S. Army Signal Corps photo) |
Another view that is largely
unchanged today. Even the original display cases outside the shop windows remain. One
would think these tanks would have been moving along the main street (which is narrow
enough), but they weren't - this picture was taken on Am Kurpark street. |
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On the left is the Garmisch
Standort Lazarett, or garrison hospital. The photo on the right shows the
U.S. Army Abrams Hotel in the 1970s (building at the left in the period
photo). The view was still there in
2010, despite this hotel's schedule for closure in 2007. (left
- Frau Prof. Gerdy Troost, "Das Bauen im Neuen Reich," Vol. 2,
Bayreuth, 1943; right - courtesy Gerald Stephenson; 2010 info courtesy
Robert Newton) |
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Another remainder of the period that
could be
seen in Garmisch is this wall mural in a stairwell of the U.S. Army Post Exchange (PX)
building (actually in Partenkirchen). Garmisch was the headquarters of the German
Gebirgstruppen (Mountain Troops), and the Americans took over their military facilities in
1945. (Note - This post has now been closed, and this building has been torn
down - thanks to Tim Heck and John Mannfor this news.)
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